Eczema, also called atopic dermatitis, is a common, long-lasting skin condition marked by inflammation, dryness, and intense itching. It can affect individuals at any age but frequently begins during childhood. Although the exact cause remains unclear, eczema is thought to result from a mix of genetic predisposition and environmental factors. Those with eczema often have an overactive immune response that triggers inflammation when exposed to irritants, allergens, or other stimuli, causing flare-ups.

Typical symptoms include red, dry, and scaly patches that may crack, ooze, or thicken over time. These patches can develop anywhere on the body but are most often found on the hands, elbows, knees, face, and scalp. Persistent itching is common and can lead to scratching, which worsens the condition and raises the chance of infection.

Eczema is not contagious, though it can greatly affect a person’s quality of life. Treatment aims to ease symptoms and reduce flare-ups by keeping the skin moisturized, avoiding known triggers, and using medications such as topical corticosteroids or antihistamines. In some cases, phototherapy or immune-suppressing treatments may be advised. While there is no cure, effective management allows individuals to live comfortably and maintain healthy skin.