Atopic dermatitis (AD), commonly known as eczema, is a chronic inflammatory skin disorder characterized by red, itchy, and inflamed skin. While it most frequently affects children, people of all ages can develop the condition. Although the exact cause remains unknown, AD is believed to result from a mix of genetic and environmental factors. Individuals with AD often have a family history of allergies, asthma, or hay fever, suggesting a hereditary link to allergic diseases.

AD develops when the skin’s natural barrier is compromised, making it easier for irritants, allergens, and bacteria to penetrate and trigger inflammation. Typical symptoms include severe itching, dry, flaky patches, redness, and scaling. These symptoms commonly appear on the face, hands, feet, and behind the knees or elbows but can occur anywhere on the body.

Triggers for atopic dermatitis vary among individuals but often include environmental elements such as temperature extremes, harsh soaps, allergens, and stress. Although there is no permanent cure, treatment focuses on relieving symptoms, preventing flare-ups, and repairing the skin’s barrier. Effective management may involve the use of moisturizers, topical corticosteroids, antihistamines, and sometimes immune-modulating medications. Avoiding known triggers and following a consistent skincare routine are crucial for long-term control of AD.